Non-peptidyl beta-succinamidoacyl aminodiols as anti-hypertensive agents

ABSTRACT

Non-peptidyl compounds characterized generally as β-succinamidoacyl aminodios are useful as renin inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Renin-inhibiting compounds are known for control of hypertension. Of particular interest herein are non-peptidyl compounds useful as renin inhibiting agents.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Renin is a proteolytic enzyme produced and secreted into the bloodstream by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. In the bloodstream, renin cleaves a peptide bond in the serum protein angiotensinogen to produce a decapeptide known as angiotensin I. A second enzyme known as angiotensin converting enzyme, cleaves angiotensin I to produce the octapeptide known as angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent pressor agent responsible for vasoconstriction and elevation of cardiovascular pressure. Attempts have been made to control hypertension by blocking the action of renin or by blocking the formation of angiotensin II in the body with inhibitors of angiotensin I converting enzyme.

Classes of compounds published as inhibitors of the action of renin on angiotensinogen include renin antibodies, pepstatin and its analogs, phospholipids, angiotensinogen analogs, pro-renin related analogs and peptide aldehydes.

A peptide isolated from actinomyces has been reported as an inhibitor of aspartyl proteases such as pepsin, cathepsin D and renin [Umezawa et al, in J. Antibiot. (Tokyo), 23:259-262 (1970)]. This peptide, known as pepstatin, was found to reduce blood pressure in vivo after the the injection of hog renin into nephrectomized rats [Gross et al, Science, 175, 656 (1971)]. Pepstatin has the disadvantages of low solubility and of inhibiting acid proteases in addition to renin. Modified pepstatins have been synthesized in an attempt to increase the specificity for human renin over other physiologically important enzymes. While some degree of specificity has been achieved, this approach has led to rather high molecular weight hepta- and octapeptides [Boger, et al, Nature, 303, 81 (1983)]; high molecular weight peptides are generally considered undesirable as drugs because gastrointestinal absorption is impaired and plasma stability is compromised.

Short peptide aldehydes have been reported as renin inhibitors [Kokubu et al, Biochim. Biophys. Res. Commun., 118, 929 (1984); Castro et al, FEBS Lett., 167, 273 (1984)]. Such compounds have a reactive C-terminal aldehyde group and would likely be unstable in vivo.

Other peptidyl compounds have been described as renin inhibitors. EP Appl. #128,762, published December 18, 1984, describes dipeptide and tripeptide glycol-containing compounds as renin inhibitors [also see Hanson et al, Biochm. Biophys. Res. Comm., 132:155-161 (1985), 146:959-963 (1987)]. EP Appl. #181,110, published May 14, 1986, describes dipeptide histidine derivatives as renin inhibitors. EP Appl. #189,203, published July 30, 1986, describes peptidylaminodiols as renin inhibitors. EP Appl. #200,406, published Dec. 10, 1986, describes alkyl naphthylmethyl propionyl-histidyl aminohydroxy alkanoates as renin inhibitors.

For other articles describing previous efforts to devise renin inhibitors, see Marshall, Federation Proc., 35: 2494-2501 (1976); Burton et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77: 5476-5479 (1980); Suketa et al, Biochemistry, 14: 3188 (1975;) Swales, Pharmac. Ther., 7: 173-201 (1979); Kokubu et al, Nature, 217: 456-457 (1986); Matsushita et al, J. Antibiotics, 28: 1016-1018 (1975); Lazar et al, Biochem. Pharma., 23: 2776-2778 (1974); Miller et al., Biochem. Pharma., 21: 2941-2944 (1972); Haber, Clinical Science, 59: 7s-19s (1980); Rich et al, J. Org. Chem., 43: 3624 (1978); J. Med. Chem., 23: 27 (1980); especially Haber, Clin. and Exper. Hyper., A5(7&8), 1193 (1983); and European patent applications 172346A and 172347A published Feb. 26, 1986.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Non-peptidyl β-succinamidoacyl aminodiol compounds having utility as renin inhibitors for treatment of hypertension in mammals constitute a family of compounds of general Formula I: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from ##STR2## wherein Y and Q are selected from CH₂, ##STR3## O, S, SO, SO₂ and NR₁₁, wherein R₁₀ is H or lower alkyl, R₁₁ is selected from H, phenyl and ##STR4## and wherein R₁₂ is H or lower alkyl; wherein each of m and n is independently an integer from 1 through 4; wherein each of r, t, u and v is independently an integer from zero through 2; wherein p is an integer from 1 through 3; wherein each of a through d is independently an integer from zero through 3; wherein T is selected from one or more groups selected from H, linear or branched lower alkyl, alkoxy, oxo, halo, haloalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl and cyano; wherein R₁ is selected from H, linear or branched lower alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl and alkoxycarbonyl; wherein R₂ is selected from linear or branched lower alkyl, imidazolemethyl and benzyl; wherein R₃ is selected from lower alkyl, acylaminoalkyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl, aryl and benzyl substituted at the phenyl portion by halo or lower alkyl or by both; wherein each of R₄ and R₅ is independently selected from H or lower alkyl; wherein R₆ is independently selected from H or phenyl; wherein R₇ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, phenyl, cycloalkylalkyl and phenylalkyl, any one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl and cyano; and wherein each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from the groups H, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl and naphthylmethyl, any one of which groups having a substitutable position may be optionally substituted with or more of lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano and phenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R₈ and R₉ is an aryl group.

A preferred group of compounds within Formula I are those compounds having the specific stereochemical configuration shown in Formula II: ##STR5##

Preferred compounds within Formula II are those compounds wherein Y and Q are selected from O, CH₂, S, NR₁₁ wherein R₁₁ is H or ##STR6## wherein R₁₂ is H or lower alkyl; wherein each of m and n is independently an integer from 1 through 3; wherein each of r, t, u and v is independently zero or one; wherein p is one or two; wherein each of a through d is independently an integer from zero through 2; wherein T is selected from one or more groups selected from H, lower alkyl, oxo and halo; wherein R₁ is selected from H, lower alkyl, alkylcycloalkyl and alkoxycarbonyl; wherein R₂ is selected from lower alkyl, imidazolemethyl and benzyl; wherein R₃ is selected from lower alkyl, acylaminoalkyl, benzyl, napthylmethyl, aryl and benzyl substituted at the phenyl portion by halo or lower alkyl or by both; wherein R₄ is selected from H and lower alkyl wherein R₅ is H and lower alkyl; wherein R₆ is H; wherein R₇ is selected from cyclohexylmethyl and benzyl; wherein each of R₇ and R₈ is independently selected from H, phenyl, naphthyl and phenyl substituted with one or more lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, halo, cyano and phenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R₈ and R₉ is phenyl.

Within the aforementioned preferred group of compounds, there are four sub-groups of preferred compounds. The first sub-group consists of those compounds of Formula II wherein X is ##STR7## wherein Y is O, CH₂, or S; m is 2; n is 2; T is one or more of H or lower alkyl; R₁ is H or methyl or lower alkyl; R₂ is lower alkyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H; R₅ is H; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl. Of this first sub-group the most preferred are those compounds wherein Y is O; m is 2; r is 2; T is one or more of H or methyl; R₁ is selected from H, methyl, ethyl and isobutyl; R₂ is isobutyl; R₃ is selected from benzyl and napthylmethyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H or methyl; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl. Radicals which exemplify the X substituent shown as Formula III are as follows: ##STR8##

An example of a specific racemic mixture of compounds within this sub-group is 3-(N-morpholinocarbonyl)-2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-propionyl-α-methyl-.beta.-alaninamide of (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane.

A second sub-group of preferred compounds consists of those within Formula I wherein X is ##STR9## wherein Y is selected from O, CH₂, S, SO and SO₂ ; wherein each of r, t, u and v is independently zero or one; p is 1 or 2; T is one or more of H, lower alkyl and alkoxy; R₁ is lower alkyl; R₂ is lower alkyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl. The substituent T of Formula IV may be substituted at any substitutable position within the bicyclic structure of Formula IV. Radicals which exemplify the X substituent as shown in Formula III are as follows: ##STR10##

A third sub-group of preferred compounds consists of those compounds wherein X is ##STR11## wherein Q is O or S; a is zero; b is 1; c is 1; d is zero; each T is independently one or more of H or lower alkyl; R₁ is H or lower alkyl; R₂ is lower alkyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H or methyl; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.

Within this third sub-group is a set of more preferred compounds of Formula I wherein Q is O, R₁ is selected from H, methyl, ethyl and isobutyl, and R₂ is isobutyl, an example of which is a compound wherein R₁ is isobutyl, and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl. Another set of more preferred compounds within this third sub-group are those wherein Q is S, R₁ is selected from H, methyl and isobutyl, and R₂ is isobutyl, an example of which is a compound wherein R₁ is isobutyl, and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl. Radicals which exemplify the X substituent as shown in Formula V are as follows: ##STR12##

Within any of these radicals exemplifying Formulae III, IV and V, the substituent R represents a linear or branched alkyl group of one to about ten carbon atoms, or preferably, one to about five carbon atoms.

A fourth sub-group of preferred compounds consists of those compounds of Formula II wherein X is ##STR13## wherein each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from the groups H, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, and naphthylmethyl, any one of which groups having a substitutable position may be optionally substituted with or more of lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano and phenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R₈ and R₉ is an aryl group.

Of this fourth subgroup, more preferred compounds are those wherein R₁ is isobutyl, R₂ is isobutyl, R₃ is benzyl, R₄ is H or methyl, R₅ is H or methyl, R₇ is cyclohexymethyl, and each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from, H, lower alkyl and phenyl, with at least one of R₈ and R₉ being phenyl. An especially preferred compound is wherein R₈ is H and R₉ is phenyl.

Unless otherwise described, the chemical groups recited herein shall have meanings as follows: "Lower alkyl" means alkyl radicals containing one to about 10 carbon atoms in a linear or branched configuration, examples of which include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, l-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, n-octyl, 3-propyloctyl, n-nonyl, 4-butylnonyl, n-decyl and the like. "Lower alkenyl" and "lower alkynyl" mean, respectively, hydrocarbon radicals of two to about ten carbon atoms containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, respectively, attached to alkyl radicals of the type embraced by the term "lower alkyl" examples of which are 2-butenyl and 2-pentynyl. "Haloalkyl" means alkyl radicals substituted at one or more substitutable positions with one or more halo groups. Preferred haloalkyl group are those provided by lower alkyl radicals substituted at least at one position with one, two or three halo groups such as fluoro or chloro, a specific example of which is trifluoromethyl. "Alkylcycloalkyl" means a cyclized alkyl having from four to about nine ring carbon atoms, any one or more of the substitutable ring carbons being substituted with an alkyl group, preferably a lower alkyl group. "Alkylcycloalkenyl" means a cyclized hydrocarbon radical containing four to about nine ring carbon atoms containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, but less than the number of double bonds required to form a fully unsaturated ring system, any one or more of the substitutable ring carbon atoms being substituted with an alkyl group, preferably a lower alkyl group. "Alkoxycarbonyl" means an oxycarbonyl radical having an alkyl, preferably lower alkyl, group attached to the oxygen atom. "Aryl" means an aromatic hydrocarbon radical provided by a homocyclic or heterocyclic ring system, such as phenyl, naphthyl, and pyridyl. "Acyl" means a carbonyl radical attached to a an alkyl or aryl group.

Based upon the foregoing, the meanings of the following terms should be readily discernible, namely, "acylaminoalkyl", "cycloalkyl", "cycloalkylalkyl", "phenylalkyl" and "alkoxy".

In the cyclic structures of Formulae III, IV and V where the substituent T is shown, it is intended that the T substituent represents one or more substituents which may be attached at any substitutable position on any of the described cyclic structures.

Compounds of Formula I may have two or more carbon atoms providing asymmetric sites which are important for conferring activity. Preferred compounds have three asymmetric carbons which tend to confer improved activity. Such compounds whether in their pure isomer form or as diastereomeric mixtures are embraced in the Formula I and II compounds, of the invention. Many of the more active renin inhibitors are provided by compounds having a specific stereochemical configuration. Within Formula I and II, reading from the N terminus to the C terminus (terminating with the diol moiety), the preferred configurations for the asymmetric carbons are as follows: R, S or R, S or R, S, R, S.

Compounds of Formula I have been found to inhibit the production of angiotensin II in mammals. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and participates in the formation of aldosterone which regulates sodium and water balance in mammals. Thus, compounds of Formula I are therapeutically useful in methods for treating hypertension by administering to a hypertensive patient a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula I.

These compounds can be formulated into pharmaceutically-acceptable dosage forms by any of a number of well-known carriers or diluents. The compounds can be formulated using pharmacologically-acceptable acid addition salts and can be used in a suitable hydrated form. The formulated compounds can be administered in oral dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, pills, powders, or granules. The compounds can also be administered intramuscularly, using forms known to the pharmaceutical art. In general, the preferred form of administration is oral. A therapeutically-effective but non-toxic quantity of the compound is employed in treatment of high blood pressure in mammals. The dosage regimen for preventing or treating hypertension with the compounds of Formula I is selected upon consideration of a variety of factors, including the type, age, weight, sex, and medical condition of the patient, the severity of the hypertension, the route of administration, and the particular compound employed. Dosages of the compounds are ordinarily in the range from about 0.5 to about 100 mg/kg (active compound-to-body weight), and preferably from about 1.0 to about 20 mg/kg given orally or by injection.

Compounds of Formula I are also useful as diagnostic agents for identification of hypertension due to renin excess.

Compounds of Formula I can be administered as prodrugs. Preferably, esterification of one or more of the hydroxyl groups of the compounds of Formula I is accomplished with amino acids to make aminoesters, succinates to make succinic acid esters, or phosphates to make phosphoric acid esters. Aminoesters of the Formula I compounds are more preferred.

Procedures for preparation of compounds of Formula I are set forth in the description under the following general Synthetic Scheme, taken with the specific procedures described in Examples 1-13 which follow thereafter. The substituents X and R₁ through R₇ are as described above for the Formula I substituents. ##STR14##

GENERIC SYNTHETIC DESCRIPTION

An allylic acetate, appropriately substituted and suitably protected, as shown in the scheme is used as starting material. This substance, and like substances, are ozonized under standard conditions (low temperature, as methanol-methylene chloride solutions) and the reduction of the ozonide to an aldehyde is effected with dimethyl sulfide. Once obtained, this type of aldehyde is treated with organometallic reagents capable of delivering an alkyl group to the aldehyde to produce diols of the type shown. These diols may then be converted, using standard peptide coupling methodology to renin inhibitors as shown via coupling to the generalized acids shown in the scheme. The initially obtained diol may also be hydrogenated to the saturated cyclohexane diol and again, coupled to in a similar manner to acids of the general description given in the scheme.

The following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope thereof. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known variations of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds. All temperatures expressed are in degrees Centigrade. Within the foregoing synthetic description and examples which follow, abbreviations have meanings as indicated below:

BOC=butyloxycarbonyl

i-Bu=isobutyl

Leu=leucine

Ac=acyl

Me=methyl

TFA=trifluoroacetic acid

THF=tetrahydrofuran

EXAMPLE 1 (3S,4S) -N-[(tert-Butyloxy)carbonyl]-4-amino-3-acetoxy-5-phenylpentene

The preparation of the above intermediate was carried out using the procedure described in Hanson, et al., (1985) J. Org. Chem. 50,5399.

EXAMPLE 2 (2R,3S)-N-[(tert-Butyloxy)carbonyl]-3-amino-2-acetoxy-4-phenylbutanal

The preparation of the above intermediate was carried out as described in Hanson, et al. above. Ozone/oxygen was bubbled at -70° into a solution of 2.55 g (8.0 mmol) of the allylic acetate of Example 1 in 100 mL of methylene chloride until a deep blue color persisted. Oxygen was introduced until the blue color completely faded, then 3.0 mL of Me₂ S was added and the solution was allowed to warm to 0-5° and stand overnight. The solvent was removed at 0° under vacuum yielding the title compound as a thick yellow oil which was used in the following step without purification.

EXAMPLE 3 (2S,3R,4S)-N-[(tert-Butyloxy)carbonyl]-2-amino-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane

The oil prepared in Example 2 was dissolved under nitrogen in 100 mL of dry THF and cooled to -70°. To this solution was added 13 mL (26mmol) of a 2.0M solution of isobutylmagnesium chloride in ether and the stirred mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 2 hrs. After decomposition with MeOH/H₂ O the mixture was diluted with ether, washed with saturated NH₄ Cl solution twice, then dried and the solvents stripped off under vacuum. The residue was allowed to stand overnight in 80% MeOH-H₂ O containing excess ammonium hydroxide. The MeOH was stripped off and the mixture was extracted with ether. These extracts were combined, washed with water, dilute KHSO₄, then dried and evaporated to give 2.36 g of a yellow glass which crystallized from 50 mL of pentane on standing overnight. The yellow-white powder obtained was recrystallized from ether-hexane and furnished the title compound (0.41 g) as white, hairy needles, mp 134°-136°, Rf (ether): single spot, 0.6. By chromatography of the mother liquors and crystallization of the appropriate fractions, an additional 0.22 g of product, mp 138°-139° was obtained.

Anal: Calcd. for C₁₉ H₃₁ NO₄ (337.45): C, 67.62; H, 9.26; N, 4.15. Found: C, 67.51; H, 9.43; N, 4.24.

EXAMPLE 4 (2S,3R,4S)-N-[(tert-Butyloxy)carbonyl]-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane

The diol of Example 3, 0.27g, was reduced in MeOH with 60 psi H₂ at 60° in 3 hrs. using 5% Rh/ C catalyst. After filtering, the solvent was stripped off and the 0.27 g of white crystals were recrystallized from CH₂ Cl₂ -hexane to furnish tiny needles of the title compound, 0.19 g, mp 126°-128°; further recrystallization gave mp 128.5°-129.5° Rf (ether): single spot, 0.8.

Anal: Calcd. for C₁₉ H₃₇ NO₄ (343.50): C, 66.43; H, 10.86, N, 4.08. Found: C, 66.43; H, 11.01; N, 4.03.

EXAMPLE 5 N-Boc-α-methyl-β-alaninamide of (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane (isomer A)

To a solution of D,L-N-Boc-α-methyl-β-alanine (137 mg, 0.67 mmol) in ethylene chloride (4 mL) at -10° C. was added N-methylpiperidine (61 mg, 0.61 mmol) followed by isobutylchloroformate (75 mg, 0.59 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, a solution of (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane (101 mg. 0.41 mmol) [prepared from the title compound of Example 4 by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, followed by aqueous potassium carbonate to precipitate the free base] in methylene chloride (2 mL) was added. The resulting solution was stirred for 3 hours at -10° C., followed by 2 hours at room temperature at which time a white solid was isolated by filtration (60 mg, 34% yield): R_(f) =0.3 (5% MeOH/methylene chloride, silica gel); mp 197°-200°; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃): consistent with proposed structure.

Anal. calcd for C₂₃ H₄₄ N₂ O₅ =0.25H₂ O: C,63.77; H, 10.35; N,6.46. Found: C, 63.84; H, 10.50; N, 6.45.

EXAMPLE 6 N-Boc-α-methyl-β-alaninamide of (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane (isomer B)

The filtrate from Example 5 was extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with 0.5M citric acid, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and stripped in vacuo to yield a white solid (130 mg). Trituration with ether yielded the title compound as a white solid (45 mg, 25% yield): mp 179°-182°; R_(f) : 0.35 (5% MeOH/methylene chloride, silica gel); ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃): consistent with proposed structure.

Anal. calcd for C₂₃ H₄₄ N₂ O₅ : C, 64.45; H, 10.34; N, 6.53. Found C, 64.03; H, 9.80; N, 6.38.

EXAMPLE 7 α-Methyl-β-alaninamide of (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane (from isomer A)

The title compound of Example 5 (53 mg, 0.12 mmol) was stirred with a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and methanol (9:1,5 mL). The resulting solution was allowed to stand at room temperature for 20 minutes, then the solvent was evaporated. The resulting oil was stirred for 2 hours with aqueous potassium carbonate (5%, 10 mL). This mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate which was dried, filtered and evaporated to give the title compound (40 mg, 100%): R_(f) : 0.10 (5% MeOH/methylene chloride, silica gel). This material was used without further purification.

EXAMPLE 8 D,L-Monomethyl 2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-succinate

To a solution of diisopropylamine (36.6 g, 362 mmol) in dry THF (200 mL cooled to -78° was added n-butyllithium (2.5M solution in hexane, 144 mL) over a 5 minute period. The resulting solution was stirred at -78° for 30 minutes. To this solution was added monomethyl succinate (23.8 g, 180 mmol) in THF (200 mL) over a 30 minute period, and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at -78° for 1 hour. To this mixture, 1-(bromomethyl)naphthylene (40 g, 181 mmol) in THF (220 ml) was added over a 30 minute period, and the solution was stirred for 1 hour at -78° then room temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was diluted with ether and extracted with water. The aqueous extracts were combined and acidified to ph 1 with 10% aqueous HCl, extracted with ether and the organic extracts dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent evaporated. The yellow solid residue was dissolved in hot toluene and hexane was added until the solution become cloudy. The solution was cooled, filtered and the title compound was isolated as a pale yellow solid (21 g).

Anal. calcd for C₁₆ H₁₆ O₄ : C, 70.58; H, 5.92. Found: C, 69.03; H, 5.99.

EXAMPLE 9 D,L-Methyl 3-(N-morpholinocarbonyl)-2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-propionate

The title compound of Example 6 (6 g, 22 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (50 mL) and the solution cooled to 0°. Thionyl chloride (10.5 g, 88 mmol) was added over a 2 minute period. The solution was then allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 2 hours. Solvent and excess thionyl chloride were removed under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in methylene chloride. To this solution was added morpholine (5.75 g, 66 mmol) in methylene chloride (50 mL) over a 15 minute period. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours, washed with 10% aqueous HCl followed by saturated aqueous potassium hydrogen carbonate, dried over sodium sulfate and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 30/70 ethyl acetate-methylene chloride to obtain the title compound (4.48 g):

Anal. calcd: C₂₀ H₂₃ O₄ : C, 71.20; H, 5.68; N, 4.15. Found: C, 69.12; H, 7.03; N, 3.79.

EXAMPLE 10 D,L-3-(N-Morpholinocarbonyl)-2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-propionic acid

The title compound of Example 7 (4.38 g, 8 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (25 mL) and treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide (2N, 12.87 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 6 hours at room temperature, then the solution was reduced to a small volume in vacuo and the residue was taken up in water. Concentrated aqueous HCl was added dropwise until pH 1 was reached, then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated to obtain the title compound as a solid (4.15 g):

Anal. calcd for C₁₉ H₂₁ O₄ : C, 69.71; H, 6.47; N, 4.28. Found: C, 68.47; H, 6.74; N, 3.96.

EXAMPLE 11 3-(N-morpholinocarbonyl)-(2R,S)2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-propionyl-α-methyl-β-alaninamide of (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane (from isomer A)

To a solution of the acid of Example 10 (65 mg, 0.2 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) at -10° was added N-methylpiperidine (0.022mL, 0.18 mmol), followed by isobutylchloroformate (0.021 mL, 0.17 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, a solution of the free base of Example 7 (40 mg, 0.12 mmol) in methylene chloride-ethyl acetate (3:1) was added and the mixture stirred for 2 hours at -10° followed by 20 hours at 0°. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with 0.5M citric acid, followed by saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, brine, and then dried, filtered and evaporated to give the title compound, a mixture of epimers, as a white solid (66 mg, 87%): R_(f) : 0.65 (10% methanol-methylene chloride); ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃): consistent with proposed structure.

Anal. calcd for C₃₇ H₅₅ N₃ O₆ =0.75 H₂ O: C, 68.22; H, 8.74; N, 6.45. Found: C, 68.57; H, 8.93; N, 6.52.

EXAMPLE 12 α-Methyl-β-alaninamide of (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane (from isomer B)

The title compound of Example 6 was subjected to the procedure described in Example 7 to give the present title compound as a white foam: R_(f) : 0.10 (5% MeOH/methylene chloride, silica gel). This material was used without further purification.

EXAMPLE 13 3-(N-morpholinocarbonyl)-(2R,S)2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-propionyl-α-methyl-β-alaninamide of (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane (from isomer B)

The procedure of Example 11 was applied to the title compounds of Example 10 and 12 to give the present title compound, a mixture of epimers, as a white solid: R_(f) : 0.70, 0.85 (10% methanol-methylene chloride); ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃): consistent with proposed structure.

Anal. calcd for C₃₇ H₅₅ N₃ O₆ =0.75 H₂ O: C, 68.22; H, 8.74; N, 6.45. Found: C, 67.85; H, 9.14; N, 6.68.

BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

Compounds of Formula I were evaluated as inhibitors of human renin in an in vitro assay, as follows: This human renin inhibition test has been previously described in detail [Papaioannou, et al., Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, A7(9), 1243-1257 (1985)]. Human renin was obtained from the National Institute for Biological Standards, London. In a total volume of 0.25 mL 100 mM Tris-acetate buffer at pH 7.4, 25×10⁻⁶ Goldblatt units of renin, 0.05 mL of plasma from human volunteers taking oral contraceptives, 6.0 mM sodium EDTA, 2.4 mM phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride, 1.5 mM 8-hydroxyquinoline, 0.4 mg/mL BSA, and 0.024 mg/mL neomycin sulfate were incubated for two hours at 37° C. in the presence or absence of renin inhibitors. The produced angiotensin I was determined by radioimmunoassay (New England Nuclear kit). Compounds of formula I to be assayed were solubilized in either ethyl alcohol or DMSO and diluted with 100 mM Tris-acetate buffer at pH 7.4 to the appropriate concentration. The final concentration of organic solvent in the reaction mixture was less than 1%. Control incubations at 37° C. were used to correct for effects of organic solvent on renin activity.

BIOLOGICAL RESULTS

                  TABLE I                                                          ______________________________________                                         Effect of Compounds on Renin Activity                                          Compound          Human Renin IC.sub.50                                        ______________________________________                                         Example 11        3.3 × 10.sup.-7 M                                      Example 13        1 × 10.sup.-6 M                                        ______________________________________                                    

Although this invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, the details of these embodiments are not to be construed as limitations. Various equivalents, changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, and it is understood that such equivalent embodiments are part of this invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of the formula: ##STR15## wherein X is selected from ##STR16## wherein Y and Q are selected from CH₂, ##STR17## O, S, SO, SO₂ and NR₁₁, wherein R₁₀ is H or lower alkyl, R₁₁ is selected from H, phenyl and ##STR18## and wherein R₁₂ is H or lower alkyl; wherein each of m and n is independently an integer from 1 through 4; wherein each of r, t, u and v is independently an integer from zero through two; wherein p is an integer from 1 through 3; wherein each of a through d is independently an integer from zero through 3; wherein T is selected from one or more groups selected from H, linear or branched lower alkyl, alkoxy, oxo, halo, haloalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl and cyano; wherein R₁ is selected from H, linear or branched lower alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl and alkoxycarbonyl; wherein R₂ is selected from linear or branched lower alkyl, imidazolmethyl and benzyl; wherein R₃ is selected from lower alkyl, acylaminoalkyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl, aryl and benzyl substituted at the phenyl portion by halo or lower alkyl or by both; wherein each of R₄ and R₅ is independently selected from H and lower alkyl; wherein R₆ is selected from H or phenyl; wherein R₇ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, phenyl, cycloalkylalkyl and phenylalkyl, any one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl and cyano; and wherein each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from the groups H, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl and naphthylmethyl, any one of which groups having a substitutable position may be optionally substituted with or more of lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano and phenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R₈ and R₉ is an aryl group.
 2. Compound of claim 1 of the formula ##STR19## wherein X and R₁ through R₁₂ are as defined before.
 3. Compound of claim 2 wherein Y and Q are selected from O, CH₂, S, NR₁₁ wherein R₁₁ is H or ##STR20## wherein R₁₂ is H or lower alkyl; wherein each of m and r is an integer from 1 through 3; wherein p is one or two; wherein each of a through d is independently an integer from zero through 2; wherein T is selected from one or more groups selected from H, lower alkyl, alkoxy, oxo and halo; wherein R₁ is selected from H, lower alkyl, alkylcycloalkyl and alkoxycarbonyl; wherein R₂ is selected from lower alkyl, imidazolmethyl and benzyl; wherein R₃ is selected from lower alkyl, acylaminoalkyl, benzyl, napthylmethyl, aryl and benzyl substituted at the phenyl portion by halo or lower alkyl or by both; wherein R₄ is selected from H and lower alkyl; wherein R₅ is selected from H and lower alkyl; wherein R₆ is H; wherein R₇ is selected from cyclohexylmethyl and benzyl; wherein each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from H, phenyl, naphthyl and phenyl substituted with one or more lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, halo, cyano and phenyl, with the proviso that a least one of R₈ and R₉ is phenyl.
 4. Compound of claim 3 wherein X is ##STR21## wherein Y is O, CH₂ or S; m is 2; r is 2; T is one or more of H, lower alkyl and alkoxy; R₁ is selected from H and lower alkyl; R₂ is lower alkyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H or methyl; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 5. Compound of claim 4 wherein Y is O; m is 2; n is 2; T is one or more of H or methyl; R₁ is selected from H, methyl, ethyl and isobutyl; R₂ is isobutyl; R₃ is selected from benzyl and napthylmethyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 6. Compound of claim 5 which is 3-(N-morpholinocarbonyl)-2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-propionyl-α-methyl-.beta.-alaninamide of (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane.
 7. Compound of claim 3 wherein X is ##STR22## wherein Y is selected from O, CH₂, S, SO and SO₂ ; each of r, t, u and v is independently zero or one; p is 1 or 2; T is one or more of H or lower alkyl; R₁ is lower alkyl; R₂ is lower alkyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H or methyl; R₆ is H or methyl; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 8. Compound of claim 7 wherein R₁ is isobutyl; R₂ is isobutyl; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 9. Compound of claim 3 wherein X is ##STR23## wherein Q is O, CH₂, or S; a is zero; b is 1; c is 1; d is zero; each T is independently one or more of H or lower alkyl; R₁ is selected from H and lower alkyl; R₂ is lower alkyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H or methyl; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 10. Compound of claim 9 wherein Q is O; R₁ is selected from H, methyl, ethyl and isobutyl; and R₂ is isobutyl.
 11. Compound of claim 10 wherein R₁ is isobutyl; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 12. Compound of claim 9 wherein Q is S; R₁ is selected from H, methyl and isobutyl; and R₂ is isobutyl.
 13. Compound of claim 10 wherein R₁ is isobutyl; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 14. Compound of claim 3 wherein X is ##STR24## wherein R₁ is selected from H, linear or branched lower alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl and alkoxycarbonyl; wherein R₂ is selected from linear or branched lower alkyl, imidazolemethyl and benzyl; wherein R₃ is selected from lower alkyl, acylaminoalkyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl, aryl and benzyl substituted at the phenyl portion by halo or lower alkyl or by both; wherein each of R₄ and R₅ is independently selected from H or lower alkyl; wherein R₆ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, phenyl, cycloalkylalkyl and phenylalkyl, any one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected form alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl and cyano; wherein each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from the groups H, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, and naphthylmethyl, any one of which groups having a substitutable position may be optionally substituted with or more of lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano and phenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R₈ and R₉ is an aryl group.
 15. Compound of claim 14 wherein R₁ is isobutyl; R₂ is isobutyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H or methyl; R₆ is cyclohexylmethyl; each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from lower alkyl and phenyl, with at least one of R₈ and R₉ being phenyl.
 16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically-effective amount of a renin-inhibiting compound and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier or diluent, said renin-inhibiting compound selected from a family of compounds of the formula: ##STR25## wherein X is selected from ##STR26## wherein Y and Q are selected from CH₂, ##STR27## O, S, SO, SO₂ and NR₁₁, wherein R₁₀ is H or lower alkyl, R₁₁ is selected from H, phenyl and ##STR28## and wherein R₁₂ is H or lower alkyl; wherein each of m and n is independently an integer from 1 through 4; wherein each of r, t, u and v is independently an integer from zero through two; wherein p is an integer from 1 through 3; wherein each of a through d is independently an integer from zero through 3; wherein T is selected from one or more groups selected from H, linear or branched lower alkyl, alkoxy, oxo, halo, haloalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl and cyano; wherein R₁ is selected from H, linear or branched lower alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl and alkoxycarbonyl; wherein R₂ is selected from linear or branched lower alkyl, imidazolemethyl and benzyl; wherein R₃ is selected from lower alkyl, acylaminoalkyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl, aryl and benzyl substituted at the phenyl portion by halo or lower alkyl or by both; wherein each of R₄ and R₅ is independently selected from H and lower alkyl; R₆ is H or phenyl; wherein R₇ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, phenyl, cycloalkylalkyl and phenylalkyl, any one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl and cyano; and wherein each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from the groups H, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl and naphthylmethyl, any one of which groups having a substitutable position may be optionally substituted with or more of lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano and phenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R₈ and R₉ is an aryl group.
 17. The composition of claim 16 wherein said renin-inhibiting compound is of the formula ##STR29## wherein X and R, through R₁₂ are as defined before.
 18. The composition of claim 17 wherein Y and Q are selected from O, CH₂, S, NR₁₁ wherein R₁₁ is H or ##STR30## wherein R₁₂ is H or lower alkyl; wherein each of m and n is independently an integer from 1 through 3; wherein each of r, t, u and v is independently an integer from zero through two; wherein p is one or two; wherein each of a through d is independently an integer from zero through 2; wherein T is selected from one or more groups selected from H, lower alkyl, alkoxy, oxo and halo; wherein R₁ is selected from H, lower alkyl, alkylcycloalkyl and alkoxycarbonyl; wherein R₂ is selected from lower alkyl, imidazolemethyl and benzyl; wherein R₃ is selected from lower alkyl, acylaminoalkyl, benzyl, napthylmethyl, aryl and benzyl substituted at the phenyl portion by halo or lower alkyl or by both; wherein each of R₄ and R₅ is independently selected from H and lower alkyl; wherein R₆ is H; wherein R₇ is selected from cyclohexylmethyl and benzyl; wherein each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from H, phenyl, naphthyl and phenyl substituted with one or more lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, halo, cyano and phenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R₈ and R₉ is phenyl.
 19. The composition of claim 18 wherein X is ##STR31## wherein Y is O, CH₂, or S; m is 2; n is 2; T is one or more of H or lower alkyl; R₁ is H or lower alkyl; R₂ is lower alkyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H or methyl; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 20. The composition of claim 19 wherein Y is O; m is 2; n is 2; T is one or more of H or methyl; R₁ is selected from H, methyl, ethyl and isobutyl; R₂ is isobutyl; R₃ is selected from benzyl and napthylmethyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 21. The composition of claim 20 wherein said renin-inhibiting compound is the racemate 3-(N-morpholinocarbonyl)-2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-propionyl-α-methyl-.beta.-alaninamide of (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane.
 22. The composition of claim 18 wherein X is ##STR32## wherein Y is selected from O, CH₂, S, SO and SO₂ ; each of r, t, u and v is independently zero or one; p is 1 or 2; T is one or more of H or lower alkyl; R₁ is lower alkyl; R₂ is lower alkyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H or methyl; R₆ is H or methyl; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 23. The composition of claim 22 wherein R₁ is isobutyl; R₂ is isobutyl; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 24. The composition of claim 18 wherein X is ##STR33## wherein Q is O, CH₂, or S; a is zero; b is 1; c is 1; d is zero; each T is independently one or more of H or lower alkyl; R₁ is selected from H and lower alkyl; R₂ is lower alkyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 25. The composition of claim 24 wherein Q is O; R₁ is selected from H, methyl, ethyl and isobutyl; and R₂ is isobutyl.
 26. The composition of claim 25 wherein R₁ is isobutyl; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 27. The composition of claim 24 wherein Q is S; R₁ is selected from H, methyl and isobutyl; and R₂ is isobutyl.
 28. The composition of claim 27 wherein R₁ is isobutyl; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 29. The composition of claim 17 wherein X is ##STR34## wherein R₁ is selected from H, linear or branched lower alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl and alkoxycarbonyl; wherein R₂ is selected from linear or branched lower alkyl and benzyl; wherein R₃ is selected from lower alkyl, acylaminoalkyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl, aryl and benzyl substituted at the phenyl portion by halo or lower alkyl or by both; wherein each of R₄ and R₅ is independently selected from H or lower alkyl; wherein R₆ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, phenyl, cycloalkylalkyl and phenylalkyl, any one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected form alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl and cyano; wherein each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from the group H, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, and naphthylmethyl, and one of which groups having a substitutable position may be optionally substituted with or more of lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano and phenyl, with proviso that at least one of R₈ and R₉ is an aryl group.
 30. The composition of claim 29 wherein R₁ is isobutyl; R₂ is isobutyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H; R₆ is cyclohexylmethyl; each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from lower alkyl and phenyl, with at least one of R₈ and R₉ being phenyl.
 31. A therapeutic method for treating hypertension, said method comprising administering to a hypertensive patient a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of the formula: ##STR35## wherein X is selected from ##STR36## wherein Y and Q are selected from CH₂, ##STR37## O, S, SO, SO₂ and NR₁₁, wherein R₁₀ is H or lower alkyl, R₁₁ is selected from H, phenyl and ##STR38## and wherein R₁₂ is H or lower alkyl; wherein each of m and n is independently an integer from 1 through 4; wherein each of r, t, u and v is independently an integer from zero through two; wherein p is an integer from 1 through 3; wherein each of a through d is independently an integer from zero through 3; wherein T is selected from one or more groups selected from H, linear or branched lower alkyl, alkoxy, oxo, halo, haloalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl and cyano; wherein R₁ is selected from H, linear or branched lower alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl and alkoxycarbonyl; wherein R₂ is selected from linear or branched lower alkyl and benzyl; wherein R₃ is selected from lower alkyl, acylaminoalkyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl, aryl and benzyl substituted at the phenyl portion by halo or lower alkyl or by both; wherein each of R₄ and R₅ is independently selected from H and lower alkyl; wherein R₆ is selected from H or phenyl; wherein R₇ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, phenyl, cycloalkylalkyl and phenylalkyl, any one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl and cyano; and wherein each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from the groups H, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl and naphthylmethyl, any one of which groups having a substitutable position may be optionally substituted with or more of lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano and phenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R₈ and R₉ is an aryl group.
 32. The method of claim 31 wherein said compound is of the formula ##STR39## wherein X and R₁ through R₁₂ are as defined before.
 33. The method of claim 32 wherein Y and Q are selected from O, CH₂, S, NR₁₁ wherein R₁₁ is H or ##STR40## wherein R₁₂ is H or lower alkyl; wherein each of m and n is an integer from 1 through 3; wherein each of r, t, u and v is independently an integer from zero through two; wherein p is one or two; wherein each of a through d is independently an integer from zero through 2; wherein T is selected from one or more groups selected from H, lower alkyl, alkoxy, oxo and halo; wherein R₁ is selected from H, lower alkyl, alkylcycloalkyl and alkoxycarbonyl; wherein R₂ is selected from lower alkyl and benzyl; wherein R₃ is selected from lower alkyl, acylaminoalkyl, benzyl, napthylmethyl, aryl and benzyl substituted at the phenyl portion by halo or lower alkyl or by both; wherein each of R₄ and R₅ is independently selected from H and lower alkyl; wherein R₅ is H; wherein R₆ is H; wherein R₇ is selected from cyclohexylmethyl and benzyl; wherein each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from H, phenyl, naphthyl and phenyl substituted with one or more lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, halo, cyano and phenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R₈ and R₉ is phenyl.
 34. The method of claim 33 wherein X is ##STR41## wherein Y is O, CH₂, or S; m is 2; n is 2; T is one or more of H, lower alkyl and alkoxy; R₁ is H or lower alkyl; R₂ is lower alkyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H or methyl; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 35. The method of claim 34 wherein Y is O; m is 2; n is 2; T is one or more of H or methyl; R₁ is selected from H, methyl, ethyl and isobutyl; R₂ is isobutyl; R₃ is selected from benzyl and napthylmethyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 36. The method of claim 35 wherein said compound is 3-(N-morpholinocarbonyl)-2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-propionyl-α-methyl-.beta.-alaninamide of (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane.
 37. The method of claim 33 wherein X is ##STR42## wherein Y is selected from O, CH₂, S, SO and SO₂ ; wherein each of r, t, u and v is independently zero or one; p is 1 or 2; T is one or more of H or lower alkyl; R₁ is lower alkyl; R₂ is lower alkyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 38. The method of claim 37 wherein R₁ is isobutyl; R₂ is isobutyl; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 39. The method of claim 33 wherein X is ##STR43## wherein Q is O, CH₂, or S; a is zero; b is 1; c is 1; d is zero; each T is independently one or more of H or lower alkyl; R₁ is selected from H and lower alkyl; R₂ is lower alkyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H; R₆ is H; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 40. The method of claim 39 wherein Q is zero; R₁ is selected from H, methyl, ethyl and isobutyl; and R₂ is isobutyl.
 41. The method of claim 40 wherein R₁ is isobutyl; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 42. The method of claim 39 wherein Q is S; R₁ is selected from H, methyl, ethyl and isobutyl; and R₂ is isobutyl.
 43. The method of claim 42 wherein R₁ is isobutyl; and R₇ is cyclohexylmethyl.
 44. The method of claim 32 wherein X is ##STR44## wherein R₁ is selected from H, linear or branched lower alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl and alkoxycarbonyl; wherein R₂ is selected from linear or branched lower alkyl and benzyl; wherein R₃ is selected from lower alkyl, acylaminoalkyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl, aryl and benzyl substituted at the phenyl portion by halo or lower alkyl or by both; wherein each of R₄ and R₅ is independently selected from H or lower alkyl; wherein R₆ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, phenyl, cycloalkylalkyl and phenylalkyl, any one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected form alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl and cyano; wherein each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from the groups H, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, and naphthylmethyl, any one of which groups having a substitutable position may be optionally substituted with or more of lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano and phenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R₈ and R₉ is an aryl group.
 45. The method of claim 44 wherein R₁ is isobutyl; R₂ is isobutyl; R₃ is benzyl; R₄ is H or methyl; R₅ is H or methyl; R₆ is cyclohexylmethyl; each of R₈ and R₉ is independently selected from lower alkyl and phenyl, with at least one of R₈ and R₉ being phenyl. 